Local, state, and federal emergency management officials strive to lessen the impact of potential hazards through a four-phase effect: mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.

Mitigation

Considered the cornerstone of emergency management, mitigation is the ongoing effort to reduce the impact of disasters on families, businesses and communities before the disaster occurs. A number of programs exist to help communities assess their risk and put solutions in action. Some mitigation efforts can be as simple as installing smoke detectors, buying flood insurance and prohibiting building in floodplains, or as complex as reconstructing bridges and roads.

Preparedness

Preparedness is being ready to act in the event of any emergency. It means having a plan, knowing what to do, and knowing what resources are available before an emergency occurs. Preparedness includes efforts such as this website to help residents learn about hazards and how to better protect themselves, their families, and their businesses. It also includes training of first responders and other safety personnel, and conducting drills for emergency preparedness.

Response

Local, state and federal safety officials have developed coordinated efforts on how to respond in the event of any emergency to keep people and property safe. Depending on the type of emergency and its extent, state and federal agencies may step in to help local communities.

Recovery

Recovery involves the continued effort to stabilize a situation. It includes short-term efforts—such as feeding and sheltering people, assessing damage, and restoring services—and long-term projects, such as clearing debris and rebuilding.